THE POTENTIALS IN ORGANIC WASTES FOR BIO-ENERGY {FUEL} IN MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS TODAY

Abstract Template Title of abstract THE POTENTIALS IN ORGANIC WASTES FOR BIO-ENERGY {FUEL} IN MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS TODAY First name Surname1, First name Surname1,First name Surname2 Dr. AMOS OBI 1Department,University, Country HETAVED SKILLS ACADEMY FOR INNOVATIONS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP, Nigeria 2Department, University, Country Department of Entrepreneurship Innovations Background: Bio-energy has significant potential in mitigating climate change due to its ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable energy production. Here are some of the key potentials of bio-energy in addressing climate change: Biomass Biomass is biological matter that can be used as fuel or for industrial production, and it makes a major contribution to the nation’s renewable energy portfolio. Although the term is perhaps most familiar in the context of corn ethanol that is added to gasoline, biomass has many applications. In 2015, wood and waste biomass supplied about 26% of all U.S. energy consumption from renewable sources and generated 1.6% of America’s electricity Wood, which makes up about half of all biomass employed for energy, has been used by people for thousands of years to cook food and to keep warm. Grasses, agricultural crops (such as corn and sugar cane), landfill waste, and manure are other examples of biomass. Used for a variety of purposes, biomass provides energy to produce electricity, heat, chemicals, and transportation fuels (biofuels} It makes small contributions to each of the economic sectors, but the majority of this energy source goes to industry. Methodology: Practical step by step in constructing Bidigester, collecting and feeding the biodigesters with cow down and allowing for fermentation for the production of usable biogas for domestic and industrial needs. Bio-energy is derived from organic matter such as agricultural residues, dedicated energy crops, and organic waste materials. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions when burned, bio-energy is a renewable energy source. It can be continually produced as long as there is a constant supply of biomass. Biomass is also known as biogas or biofuel. Biomass plays a pivotal role in a renewable and sustainable source of energy. Results: With proper condition and storage facilities, biogas is normally generated between 20 -30 days depending on environmental factors and the wastes materials being used for the stocking and production/ Biogas so produced is stored in air tight tube of cealed containers for cooking or selling to users. Conclusion: When bio-energy is produced through sustainSable practices, it can be considered carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative. During the growth of biomass, plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. When this biomass is used for bio-energy production, the CO2 released during combustion is balanced by the CO2 absorbed during the growth of the biomass, resulting in a closed carbon cycle Key words (3-5 required): Biogas, renewable energy, alternative fuel, climate change mitigation, wastes –to-energy production Subtheme: Category (Oral or Poster): ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION AS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE ERADICATION REDUCED GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS: The utilization of bio-energy can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel-based energy sources. While fossil fuels release carbon that has been stored for millions of years, bio-energy releases carbon that was recently absorbed from the atmosphere. This leads to a net reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, thus mitigating climate change. WASTES MANAGEMENT: Bio-energy systems can utilize organic waste materials, such as agricultural residues, forestry residues, and food waste, as feedstock. By converting these waste materials into bio-energy, we not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions from their decomposition but also avoid the need for land filling or incineration, which can release harmful pollutants. ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY: Bio-energy can contribute to energy independence by reducing reliance on imported fossil fuels. By promoting the production of locally available biomass resources, countries can enhance their energy security and reduce vulnerability to price fluctuations and supply disruptions associated with fossil fuels. RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND JOBS CREATION: Bio-energy production can stimulate rural development by providing opportunities for farmers, foresters, and rural communities to engage in biomass cultivation, harvesting, and processing. This can create jobs and income streams, especially in areas where traditional agricultural activities may be less economically viable. However, it is essential to consider sustainability criteria when implementing bio-energy systems. Unregulated expansion of bio-energy production can lead to unintended consequences such as deforestation, competition for land and water resources, and negative impacts on biodiversity. To maximize the potential of bio-energy while avoiding these pitfalls, it is crucial to ensure sustainable biomass sourcing, efficient conversion technologies, and comprehensive lifecycle assessments. SOME GLOBAL BEST PRACTICES OF BIO-ENERGY PRODUCTION FACILITIES SCALING AND DUPLICATION There are several notable bio-energy production facilities around the world that serve as excellent examples of utilizing biomass for energy production which could be duplicated and scaled globally. Here are some of the best examples: 1-Drax Power Station (United Kingdom): Located in North Yorkshire, England, the Drax Power Station is one of the largest bio-energy plants in the world. It has converted several of its coal-fired units to burn biomass pellets made from compressed wood chips, agricultural residues, and sustainable forestry waste. The facility generates a significant amount of renewable electricity and has reduced its carbon emissions significantly. 2-Avedøre Power Station (Denmark): Situated in Copenhagen, Denmark, the Avedøre Power Station is a combined heat and power (CHP) plant that uses biomass and coal to generate electricity and district heating. It has a dedicated biomass unit that utilizes wood pellets and wood chips as fuel, contributing to Denmark's renewable energy goals. 3-Lahti Energy's Kymijärvi II Power Plant (Finland): Located in Lahti, Finland, the Kymijärvi II Power Plant is a highly efficient facility that employs advanced bio-energy technologies. It utilizes circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology and various types of biomass, including wood chips, bark, and forest residues, to produce electricity and district heating for the local area. 4-Alholmens Kraft Power Station (Finland): Situated in Pietarsaari, Finland, the Alholmens Kraft Power Station is one of the largest bio-energy plants in the world. It primarily uses biomass, such as forest residues and sawdust, to generate both electricity and heat. The facility has a high-efficiency CFB boiler, and its operations significantly contribute to Finland's renewable energy targets. 5-Masada Resource Center (Israel): The Masada Resource Center in Israel is a notable example of using organic waste to produce bio-energy. It incorporates anaerobic digestion technology to convert organic waste, including food waste and agricultural residues, into biogas. The biogas is then used to generate electricity and heat, reducing the reliance on fossil fuels and providing a sustainable waste management solution. These examples showcase the diverse approaches to bio-energy production, utilizing various biomass sources and advanced technologies to generate renewable energy. These facilities demonstrate the potential of bio-energy in contributing to sustainable development and reducing greenhouse gas emissions towards solving the challenges posed by the Climate Change effects. But what are the basic technologies and how could these be duplicated and scaled globally? This form the details for this presentation as a way forward to a greener and healthier world.